In the great history of story-telling, there are a handful of well-trodden tales that hold humanity’s interest, time after time. There’s the one about the boy and the girl who fall in love despite no reasonable expectation that they would do so, there’s the one about the youngster who is downtrodden and rises up to become a saviour, there’s the one about the friends who become enemies, etc…
The basic breakdown, and I do mean basic, is as follows:
1) man vs man
2) man vs himself
3) man vs god
4) man vs nature
5) man vs society
6) man vs machine
In these rather loose boundaries reside every story we’ve ever read, heard, or told. Again, these are extremely basic, and you will have to look pretty deeply into some stories to find out where they fit. Many even span several of these.
But I’m not talking about the basics, I’m discussing the meat of the stories themselves. Sons who work to cast their own shadow rather than live in that of their father, or sons who wish to live up to their father’s ideal. Daughters who hate their mothers, women who fall for ridiculous men, and men who devote themselves to causes while pining for women. We’ve heard it all before, and though most of it has become stagnant, we still love them.
Because they speak to us, at a fundamental level.
They spill out, in words, the lives that we wish we had. Not because they’re better than our own, but because they’re predictable, and therefore safe. We don’t have to work too hard to feel empathy for the man trying to survive war long enough to get home to his children, or feel anger toward the monolithic and obvious villain who wishes to kill our protagonist.
I’m a fan of these stories, as long as they are done well. We all are, which is why they continue to be told to us. I prefer the grim, stark flavours, though, more than most people. Horror, harsh reality, brutal ‘true’ fiction– these are what I crave. Monsters in the night, seeking to shatter my bones and feast on the flesh of my organs, never mind that they are all metaphors for our own existence.
But most of these have grown old, as well. We have been frightening ourselves with tales of beasts and fiends for as long as we have had language. Even babies, with only a tenuous grasp on social dynamics, will scare each other for fun, and delight in doing so.
There are any number of monsters to encounter in book, film, and television. But they all tend to follow certain paths. I’ll deal with the four classics, to which all others can be tied, albeit some only marginally. These are the Vampire, the Beast, the Golem, and the Zombie.
Of the four, the Zombie is my favourite, and I will save that for last. The Vampire is the monster that used to be us, and now feeds on us without us being aware of it. The Vampire is sensual, driven by lust and desire. It is, at first glance, everything we wish to be. Immortal, intelligent, and powerful– it holds us enthralled because we are in love with it, and horrified by our own attraction. They feel nothing but contempt for us, as lesser beings or invaders, yet they are, ultimately, completely dependent upon us. Vampires, obviously, fall into this category, as do demons and devils of almost any sort. Ghosts and spirits also fall into this category. The Vampire lends itself to introspective stories of love and passion, and it stands in place of our own failings to express our desires openly.
The Beast is a twisted, monolithic monster, akin to an animal than human. It is the oldest of the monsters, because every sound on the African savannah was a Beast, a slavering, hungry monster that, if you were not careful, would rend you limb from limb. It is the most outwardly frightening of the four, because it is all strength and fang, hunger and instinct. You cannot reason with the Beast, nor can you hope to survive if it chooses you as its next meal. Werewolves are the most obvious Beasts, but anything that hunts humans with an animal’s drive and purpose fits here, as well. The Beast is our fear made flesh, and is the method by which we manufacture our heroes. For what better way to prove oneself a warrior than to slay a dragon?
The Golem is a manufactured threat. One that we have created ourselves, in our desire to better our condition or to simply prove that whatever God can do, we can do just as well, thank you very much. The Golem is often created as an extreme solution to a mundane problem, and quickly gets out of hand. It is the representation of our hubris, and our desire to push the boundaries of nature and science, simply because we can. The most obvious example is the monster in Frankenstein, but the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park would fit here as well. The Golem is a warning against scientific advancement, and it saddens me that in this day and age we still see it as often as we do.
Now, onto the Zombie. The dead, risen. This is a fear as old as mankind, that they who have died will rise again, and seek us out. It is the extension of humanity’s instinctive repulsion of necrotic flesh, and instinct which served the purpose of keeping us, as a species, alive. The Zombie has evolved over the ages, however, and though it’s basic form remains the same– a dead body rising and moving about as if alive– the underlying meaning to this has changed dramatically. The Zombie is ourselves, at our most basic. Romero started the trend, but every Zombie story since has continued it. Without external forces pressuring us, without other people to see what we do and approve or disapprove of our behaviour, we would descend into our most basic instincts. Feed, and move on; feed, and move on. The Zombie story is one of reproach, and one of warning, as well. Better yourself, lest you devolve into a pure consumer. A consumer of goods, of food, of yourself.
Now, taking these four examples, I’m going to get a little personal here. I used to love vampire movies, and, given the choice, I would gladly become a vampire myself. They’re just damn cool. But that’s the problem with the vampire story, now. It’s all ‘hey, I’m a vampire, I’m so cool’. Don’t even get me started on Stephanie Meyer. The Beast story is always the same. Horrifying beast, professionals being played by inappropriately cast actors, most of whom you know will die the first time you see them on screen. A plucky few who live to the end, make improbable leaps of logic, and come out on top, supposedly as better people. The Golem story is Jurassic Park, as mentioned, a thinly veiled warning about the controversial scientific discovery of the day.
But the Zombie story, that never gets old. Because, if the storyteller has even the slightest idea what he (or she) is doing, the Zombie story is not about the monster at all. In fact, you rarely need to see them around. The Zombie story is about people. It’s about humanity, and dealing with a mind-boggling crisis on the fly. It’s about survival, and continuing on in the face of enormous stresses. Yes, these always go the same way, as well; I’m not denying that. But that path is so interesting that it doesn’t matter that we’ve walked it so many times. It’s fascinating to see ourselves– and we are seeing ourselves– crumble under that pressure, and come out the other side. We have all thought about what we would do if the Zombie story was real. Some of us have a plan on what to do when it comes– myself included. We all think we could handle it, and we can empathize with the characters we encounter, and even though we know it’s coming, we feel sad when some of them don’t make it. We don’t need to see the monsters at all. The threat is enough, just to fuel the human story that follows.